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KMID : 1195620130060040195
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Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
2013 Volume.6 No. 4 p.195 ~ p.200
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Decreased Expression of TLR-9 and Cytokines in the Presence of Bacteria in Patients with Otitis Media with Effusion
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Lee Ho-Yun
Kim Young-Il
Lee Jin-Woo
Byun Jae-Yong
Park Moon-Suh
Yeo Seung-Geun
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Abstract
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Objectives: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 recognizes unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs in bacteria. Therefore, the expression of TLR-9 may differ according to the results of bacterial culture, and thus a change in proinflammatory cytokine induction can also be expected. The authors aimed to assess the differences and relationships between the expression of TLR-9, cytokines, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in otitis media with effusion (OME) based on bacterial culture results.
Methods: Sixty-eight patients with OME were divided into culture-positive and culture-negative groups based on middle ear culture results. mRNA expression of TLR-9, NOS, and cytokines was measured and analyzed.
Results: Bacteria were detected in 38.2% of patients, and the distribution was as follows: coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.8%), Streptococcus pneumonia (5.9%), and Bacillus spp. and Haemophilus influenza combined (2.9%). There were no significant differences in epidemiologic characteristics according to the culture results. Down-regulation of TLR-9 was observed in the culture-positive group (P=0.019). Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12 (r=-0.582), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (r=-0.569), interferon (IFN)-γ (r=-0.442), IL-6 (r=-0.395) and inducible NOS (r=-0.256) tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria.
Conclusion: The expression of TLR-9 significantly decreased in OME with confirmed bacterial pathogens. IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6 expression tended to decrease with the detection of bacteria. The presence of bacterial pathogens in OME may be related to abnormalities in the innate immune system.
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KEYWORD
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Toll-like receptor, Bacteria, Innate immunity, Cytokine, Nitric oxide synthase
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